Change the Voice
There are two types of voice in English.
इंग्रजी मध्ये प्रयोगाचे दोन प्रकार पडतात.
1. Active Voice ( कर्तरी प्रयोग )
e.g. I play cricket.
2. Passive Voice ( कर्मणी प्रयोग )
e.g. Cricket is played by me.
प्रथमा द्वितीय
I me
We us
You you
He him
She her
It it
They them
Ram Ram
Seeta Seeta
¤There are 3 main types of tenses in English.
¤ There are 12 sub types of tenses in English.
¤इंग्रजी मध्ये काळाचे मुख्य 3 प्रकार पडतात.
¤ इंग्रजी मध्ये काळाचे 12 उपप्रकार पडतात.
¤ इंग्रजी मधील 12 उपप्रकारा पैकी फक्त 8 काळांचे प्रयोग बदल करता येते.
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Simple Past Tense
5. Past Continuous Tense
6. Past Perfect Tense
7. Simple Future Tenses
8. Future Perfect Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
साधा वर्तमान काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + V1 ( s/es ) + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + do/does + not + V1 + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + not + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do /Does + S + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do/ Does + S + not + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + not + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I write a letter. | A letter is written by me. |
| I do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by me. |
| Do I write a letter ? | Is a letter written by me? |
| Do I not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by me ? |
| You write a letter. | A letter is written by you. |
| You do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by you. |
| Do you write a letter? | Is a letter written by you ? |
| Do you not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by you ? |
| He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| He does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by him. |
| Does he write a letter ? | Is a letter written by him ? |
| Does he not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by him ? |
| She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| She does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by her. |
| Does she write a letter ? | Is a letter written by her ? |
| Does she not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by her ? |
| It writes a letter. | A letter is written by it. |
| It does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by it. |
| Does it write a letter ? | Is a letter written by it ? |
| Does it not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by it ? |
| We write a letter. | A letter is written by us. |
| We do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by us. |
| Do we write a letter ? | Is a letter written by us ? |
| Do we not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by us ? |
| They write a letter. | A letter is written by them. |
| They do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by them. |
| Do they write a letter ? | Is a letter written by them ? |
| Do they not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by them ? |
| Raj writes a letter. | A letter is written by Raj. |
| Raj does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Raj. |
| Does Raj write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Raj ? |
| Does Raj not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Raj ? |
| Sita writes a letter. | A letter is written by Sita. |
| Sita does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Sita. |
| Does Sita write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Sita ? |
| Does Sita not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Sita ? |
2. Present Continuous Tense
चालू वर्तमान काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + am/is/are + Ving + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + am/is/are + not + Ving + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + not +being + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : am/is/are + S + Ving + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + being +V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : am/is/are + S + not +Ving + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + not + being + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I am writing a letter. | A letter is being written by me. |
| I am not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by me. |
| Am I writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by me? |
| Am I not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by me ? |
| You are writing a letter. | A letter is being written by you. |
| You are not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by you. |
| Are you writing a letter? | Is a letter being written by you ? |
| Are you not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by you ? |
| He is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by him. |
| He is not writing a letter. | A letter is being not written by him. |
| Is he writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by him ? |
| Is he not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by him ? |
| She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| She does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by her. |
| Does she write a letter ? | Is a letter written by her ? |
| Does she not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by her ? |
| It is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by it. |
| It is not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by it. |
| Is it writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by it ? |
| Is it not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by it ? |
| We are writing a letter. | A letter is being written by us. |
| We are not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by us. |
| Are we writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by us ? |
| Are we not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by us ? |
| They are writing a letter. | A letter is being written by them. |
| They are not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by them. |
| Are they writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by them ? |
| Are they not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by them ? |
| Raj is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by Raj. |
| Raj is not written a letter. | A letter is not being written by Raj. |
| Is Raj writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by Raj ? |
| Is Raj not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by Raj ? |
| Sita is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by Sita. |
| Sita is not writing a letter. | A letter is not being written by Sita. |
| Is Sita writing a letter ? | Is a letter being written by Sita ? |
| Is Sita not writing a letter ? | Is a letter not being written by Sita ? |
3. Present Perfect Tense
पूर्ण वर्तमान काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + have / has + V3 + O
Passive : O + have / has + been + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + have / has + not + V3 + O
Passive : O + have / has + not + been + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : have / has + S + V3 + O ?
Passive : have / has + O + been + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : have / has + S + not + V3 + O ?
Passive : have / has + O + not + been + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I have written a letter. | A letter has been written by me. |
| I have not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by me. |
| Have I written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by me? |
| Have I not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by me ? |
| You have written a letter. | A letter has been written by you. |
| You have not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by you. |
| Have you written a letter? | Has a letter been written by you ? |
| Have you not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by you ? |
| He has written a letter. | A letter has been written by him. |
| He has not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by him. |
| Has he written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by him ? |
| Has he not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by him ? |
| She has written a letter. | A letter has been written by her. |
| She has not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by her. |
| Has she written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by her ? |
| Has she not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by her ? |
| It has written a letter. | A letter has been written by it. |
| It has not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by it. |
| Has it written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by it ? |
| Has it not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by it ? |
| We have written a letter. | A letter has been written by us. |
| We have not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by us. |
| Have we written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by us ? |
| Have we not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by us ? |
| They have written a letter. | A letter has been written by them. |
| They have not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by them. |
| Have they written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by them ? |
| Have they not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by them ? |
| Raj has written a letter. | A letter has been written by Raj. |
| Raj has not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by Raj. |
| Has Raj written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by Raj ? |
| Has Raj not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by Raj ? |
| Sita has written a letter. | A letter has been written by Sita. |
| Sita has not written a letter. | A letter has not been written by Sita. |
| Has Sita written a letter ? | Has a letter been written by Sita ? |
| Has Sita not written a letter ? | Has a letter not been written by Sita ? |
4. Simple Past Tense
साधा भूत काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + V2 + O
Passive : O + was / were + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + did + not + V1 + O
Passive : O + was / were + not + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Did + S + V1 + O ?
Passive : was / were + O + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative -
नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Did + S + not + V1 + O ?
Passive : was / were + O + not + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I wrote a letter. | A letter was written by me. |
| I did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by me. |
| Did I write a letter ? | Was a letter written by me? |
| Did I not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by me ? |
| You wrote a letter. | A letter was written by you. |
| You did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by you. |
| Did you write a letter? | Was a letter written by you ? |
| Did you not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by you ? |
| He wrote a letter. | A letter was written by him. |
| He did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by him. |
| Did he write a letter ? | Was a letter written by him ? |
| Did he not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by him ? |
| She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. |
| She did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by her. |
| Did she write a letter ? | Was a letter written by her ? |
| Did she not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by her ? |
| It wrote a letter. | A letter was written by it. |
| It did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by it. |
| Did it write a letter ? | Was a letter written by it ? |
| Did it not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by it ? |
| We wrote a letter. | A letter was written by us. |
| We did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by us. |
| Did we write a letter ? | Was a letter written by us ? |
| Did we not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by us ? |
| They wrote a letter. | A letter was written by them. |
| They did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by them. |
| Did they write a letter ? | Was a letter written by them ? |
| Did they not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by them ? |
| Raj wrote a letter. | A letter was written by Raj. |
| Raj did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by Raj. |
| Did Raj write a letter ? | Was a letter written by Raj ? |
| Did Raj not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by Raj ? |
| Sita wrote a letter. | A letter was written by Sita. |
| Sita did not write a letter. | A letter was not written by Sita. |
| Did Sita write a letter ? | Was a letter written by Sita ? |
| Did Sita not write a letter ? | Was a letter not written by Sita ? |
5. Past Continuous Tense
चालू भूत काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + was / were + ving + O
Passive : O + was / were + being + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + was / were + not + Ving + O
Passive : O + was / were + not + being + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Was / Were + S + Ving + O
Passive : was / were + O + being + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Was / were + S + not + Ving + O
Passive : was / were + O + not + being + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by me. |
| I was not writing a letter. | A letter is being not written by me. |
| Was I writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by me? |
| Was I not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by me ? |
| You were writing a letter. | A letter was being written by you. |
| You were not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by you. |
| Were you writing a letter? | Was a letter being written by you ? |
| Werr you not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by you ? |
| He was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by him. |
| He was not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by him. |
| Was he writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by him ? |
| Was he not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by him ? |
| She was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by her. |
| She was not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by her. |
| Was she writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by her ? |
| Was she not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by her ? |
| It was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by it. |
| It was not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by it. |
| Was it writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by it ? |
| Was it not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by it ? |
| We were writing a letter. | A letter was written by us. |
| We were not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by us. |
| Were we writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by us ? |
| Were we not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by us ? |
| They were writing a letter. | A letter was being written by them. |
| They were not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by them. |
| Were they writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by them ? |
| Were they not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by them ? |
| Raj was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by Raj. |
| Raj was not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by Raj. |
| Was Raj writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by Raj ? |
| Was Raj not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by Raj ? |
| Sita was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by Sita. |
| Sita was not writing a letter. | A letter was not being written by Sita. |
| Was Sita writing a letter ? | Was a letter being written by Sita. |
| Was Sita not writing a letter ? | Was a letter not being written by Sita ? |
6. Past Perfect Tense
पूर्ण भूतकाळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + had + V3 + O
Passive : O + had been + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + do/does + not + V1 + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + not + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do /Does + S + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do/ Does + S + not + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + not + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I had written a letter. | A letter had been written by me. |
| I had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by me. |
| Had I written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by me? |
| Had I not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by me ? |
| You had written a letter. | A letter had been written by you. |
| You had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by you. |
| Had you written a letter? | Had a letter been written by you ? |
| Had you not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by you ? |
| He had written a letter. | A letter had been written by him. |
| He had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by him. |
| Had he written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by him ? |
| Had he not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by him ? |
| She had written a letter. | A letter had been written by her. |
| She had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by her. |
| Had she written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by her ? |
| Had she not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by her ? |
| It had written a letter. | A letter had been written by it. |
| It had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by it. |
| Had it written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by it ? |
| Had it not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by it ? |
| We had written a letter. | A letter had been written by us. |
| We had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by us. |
| Had we written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by us ? |
| Had we not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by us ? |
| They had written a letter. | A letter had been written by them. |
| They had not write a letter. | A letter had not been written by them. |
| Had they written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by them ? |
| Had they not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by them ? |
| Raj had written a letter. | A letter had been written by Raj. |
| Raj had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by Raj. |
| Had Raj written a letter ? | Had a letter been written by Raj ? |
| Had Raj not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by Raj ? |
| Sita had written a letter. | A letter had been written by Sita. |
| Sita had not written a letter. | A letter had not been written by Sita. |
| Had Sita written a letter ? | Had a letter written by Sita ? |
| Had Sita not written a letter ? | Had a letter not been written by Sita ? |
7. Simple Future Tense
साधा भविष्य काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + shall / will + V1 + O
Passive : O + shall / will + be + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + shall / will + not + V1 + O
Passive : O + shall / will + not + be + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : shall / will + S + V1 + O
Passive : shall / will + O + be + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : shall / will + S + not + V1 + O
Passive : shall / will + O + not + be + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I write a letter. | A letter is written by me. |
| I do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by me. |
| Do I write a letter ? | Is a letter written by me? |
| Do I not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by me ? |
| You write a letter. | A letter is written by you. |
| You do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by you. |
| Do you write a letter? | Is a letter written by you ? |
| Do you not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by you ? |
| He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| He does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by him. |
| Does he write a letter ? | Is a letter written by him ? |
| Does he not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by him ? |
| She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| She does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by her. |
| Does she write a letter ? | Is a letter written by her ? |
| Does she not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by her ? |
| It writes a letter. | A letter is written by it. |
| It does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by it. |
| Does it write a letter ? | Is a letter written by it ? |
| Does it not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by it ? |
| We write a letter. | A letter is written by us. |
| We do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by us. |
| Do we write a letter ? | Is a letter written by us ? |
| Do we not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by us ? |
| They write a letter. | A letter is written by them. |
| They do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by them. |
| Do they write a letter ? | Is a letter written by them ? |
| Do they not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by them ? |
| Raj writers a letter. | A letter is written by Raj. |
| Raj does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Raj. |
| Does Raj write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Raj ? |
| Does Raj not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Raj ? |
| Sita writers a letter. | A letter is written by Sita. |
| Sita does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Sita. |
| Does Sita write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Sita ? |
| Does Sita not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Sita ? |
8. Future Perfect Tense
पूर्ण भविष्य काळ
1. Affirmative - होकारार्थी
Active : S + V1 ( s/es ) + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S
2. Negative - नकारार्थी
Active : S + do/does + not + V1 + O
Passive : O + am/is/are + not + V3 + by + S
3. Interrogative - प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do /Does + S + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + V3 + by + S ?
4. Negative Interrogative - नकारार्थी प्रश्नार्थक
Active : Do/ Does + S + not + V1 + O
Passive : am/is/are + O + not + V3 + by + S ?
| Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| I write a letter. | A letter is written by me. |
| I do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by me. |
| Do I write a letter ? | Is a letter written by me? |
| Do I not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by me ? |
| You write a letter. | A letter is written by you. |
| You do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by you. |
| Do you write a letter? | Is a letter written by you ? |
| Do you not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by you ? |
| He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| He does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by him. |
| Does he write a letter ? | Is a letter written by him ? |
| Does he not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by him ? |
| She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| She does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by her. |
| Does she write a letter ? | Is a letter written by her ? |
| Does she not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by her ? |
| It writes a letter. | A letter is written by it. |
| It does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by it. |
| Does it write a letter ? | Is a letter written by it ? |
| Does it not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by it ? |
| We write a letter. | A letter is written by us. |
| We do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by us. |
| Do we write a letter ? | Is a letter written by us ? |
| Do we not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by us ? |
| They write a letter. | A letter is written by them. |
| They do not write a letter. | A letter is not written by them. |
| Do they write a letter ? | Is a letter written by them ? |
| Do they not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by them ? |
| Raj writers a letter. | A letter is written by Raj. |
| Raj does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Raj. |
| Does Raj write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Raj ? |
| Does Raj not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Raj ? |
| Sita writers a letter. | A letter is written by Sita. |
| Sita does not write a letter. | A letter is not written by Sita. |
| Does Sita write a letter ? | Is a letter written by Sita ? |
| Does Sita not write a letter ? | Is a letter not written by Sita ? |
